Alphabetical List Of Mental Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, And Neurological Disorders

Psychology Mental Disorders

At East Valley Psychiatric Services, we aim to make accurate, practical information about mental health accessible to patients, families, and professionals. As a practicing Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), I frequently encounter questions about diagnostic names, symptom patterns, and where to begin when someone is worried about their mental well-being. This page presents a user-friendly all mental disorders list with brief, clinically grounded summaries to help you recognize terms you may hear during evaluations, referrals, or treatment planning.

Understanding psychological disorders can reduce stigma, improve help-seeking, and empower people to take the next step toward care. The list that follows covers a wide range of conditions — from neurodevelopmental diagnoses and mood and anxiety disorders to substance-related conditions, personality syndromes, sleep and somatic disorders, and neurocognitive impairments. Each entry is written to provide a clear snapshot of typical features and common functional impacts rather than exhaustive diagnostic criteria. If you suspect a condition applies to you or a loved one, this list is intended as an educational starting point, not a substitute for a professional assessment.

Search engines often direct people using phrases like “psychology mental disorder,” “psychological disorders,” “kinds of mental illnesses,” or “all mental disorders list.” We designed this resource with those search intents in mind: readable headings for each condition, concise summaries for quick orientation, and clinical terminology to support informed conversations with clinicians. For patients who want to prepare for an appointment, the list can help you note relevant symptoms and questions to bring up during an evaluation or medication management visit.

Practical guidance and individualized care are central to our work. If a name on the list resonates with your experience, consider the following steps: keep a symptom diary documenting frequency, triggers, and severity; bring that information to your provider; and ask about diagnostic assessment options (structured interviews, rating scales) and evidence-based treatments (psychotherapy, medications, lifestyle interventions). Many conditions benefit from early recognition and a coordinated plan that combines medication management with psychotherapy, behavioral strategies, and community supports.

Privacy, safety, and urgency: if you or someone you know is at imminent risk of harm to self or others, please contact emergency services or a crisis line immediately. The list is informational and not a crisis resource. For scheduled psychiatric evaluations, medication management, or ongoing counseling in the East Valley area, you can find our services, contact details, and appointment information here on this website.

We regularly review and update these summaries to reflect current clinical understanding and to ensure clarity for non-specialist readers. If you notice a term that is missing, a phrasing that seems unclear, or want references for further reading, please contact our practice. We welcome feedback that helps make this an effective educational tool for the community. Our aim is to support well-informed care decisions and to make navigating the landscape of psychological disorders less intimidating for everyone seeking help.

• Absence seizure: Brief, sudden lapses in awareness typically seen as staring spells; common in children and often resolves or changes with age.
• Abulia: Marked reduction in motivation and initiative leading to difficulty starting or completing activities; often linked to frontal lobe dysfunction.
• Acute Stress Disorder: Short-term anxiety, dissociation, and intrusive symptoms after a traumatic event that occur within the first month; may resolve or progress to PTSD.
• Adjustment Disorders: Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor that are out of proportion to the stressor and cause impairment.
• Adverse effects of medication NOS: Unspecified negative physical or psychological reactions caused by medications, requiring evaluation and management.
• Age-related Cognitive Decline: Mild, gradual decline in memory and thinking skills associated with aging that does not greatly impair daily functioning.
• Alcohol Addiction: Compulsive alcohol use despite harmful consequences, with tolerance and withdrawal symptoms common; a chronic relapsing condition.
• Alzheimer’s Disease: Progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing memory loss, cognitive decline, and functional impairment, most common cause of dementia.
• Amnesia: Loss of memories, such as facts or events, which can be transient or persistent and caused by brain injury, illness, or psychological factors.
• Amphetamine Addiction: Compulsive use of amphetamines characterized by cravings, tolerance, and significant impairment in life functioning.
• Anorexia Nervosa: Eating disorder marked by severe restriction of food intake, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted body image, with medical risks from starvation.
• Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia while earlier memories may be preserved.
• Antisocial Personality Disorder: Persistent pattern of disregard for others' rights, deceit, impulsivity, and lack of remorse beginning in adolescence or early adulthood.
• Anxiety Disorder: Excessive worry, fear, or nervousness that interferes with daily life; includes several specific anxiety diagnoses.
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Developmental disorder with patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impair functioning across settings.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder: Neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests.
• Autophagia: Compulsive self-biting or self-eating behavior, often associated with severe psychiatric or neurological conditions and requiring urgent care.
• Avoidant Personality Disorder: Chronic pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation leading to avoidance of social interaction.
• Barbiturate related disorders: Misuse or dependence on barbiturates causing intoxication, withdrawal, and significant impairment; risk of overdose is high.
• Benzodiazepine-related disorders: Dependence or misuse of benzodiazepines characterized by tolerance, withdrawal, and impaired functioning when misused.
• Bereavement: Normal grief response to loss involving sadness, yearning, and adjustment; can be complicated when prolonged or disabling.
• Bibliomania: Compulsive collecting or hoarding of books to excess that interferes with daily life and functioning.
• Binge Eating Disorder: Recurrent episodes of eating large amounts with loss of control and distress, without regular compensatory behaviors.
• Bipolar disorder: Mood disorder with episodes of mania or hypomania alternating with depression, causing marked changes in energy and functioning.
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance that are not observable or appear slight, causing significant distress and impairment.
• Borderline intellectual functioning: Cognitive functioning below average but not meeting criteria for intellectual disability, often affecting adaptive skills.
• Borderline Personality Disorder: Pattern of unstable relationships, self-image, affect, and impulsivity, with intense emotional reactivity and fear of abandonment.
• Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder: Sleep disruption due to abnormal respiration during sleep, including obstructive sleep apnea, leading to daytime sleepiness.
• Brief Psychotic Disorder: Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations lasting less than one month, often stress-related.
• Bruxism: Repetitive jaw-muscle activity such as teeth grinding or clenching, often occurring during sleep and causing dental or muscle pain.
• Bulimia Nervosa: Eating disorder with recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.
• Caffeine Addiction: Problematic pattern of caffeine use with dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal affecting daily functioning.
• Cannabis Addiction: Compulsive cannabis use with craving, withdrawal, and continued use despite negative consequences.
• Catatonic disorder: Motoric immobility or excessive purposeless movement, mutism, and other motor signs often associated with severe psychiatric or medical conditions.
• Catatonic schizophrenia: Subtype characterized by prominent motor disturbances such as stupor, rigidity, or repetitive movements within schizophrenia.
• Childhood amnesia: Normal phenomenon in which early childhood memories are not retained into later life, likely due to brain development and memory encoding differences.
• Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Rare disorder of late-onset developmental regression in language, social, and motor skills after at least two years of normal development.
• Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder: Stuttering beginning in childhood with disruptions in speech fluency that can affect communication and social participation.
• Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Misalignment between internal sleep-wake timing and environmental demands causing insomnia or excessive sleepiness.
• Claustrophobia: Intense fear of enclosed spaces leading to avoidance and panic symptoms in confined environments.
• Cocaine related disorders: Range of problems from acute intoxication to dependence on cocaine, with high potential for medical and psychosocial harm.
• Communication disorder: Persistent difficulties in speech, language, or communication that limit effective communication and participation.
• Conduct Disorder: Repetitive pattern of violating rights of others and societal norms in children and adolescents, including aggression and rule-breaking.
• Conversion Disorder: Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness) incompatible with medical findings, believed to arise from psychological factors.
• Cotard delusion: Rare belief that one is dead, dying, or missing internal organs, often associated with severe depression or psychosis.
• Cyclothymia: Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbances with hypomanic and depressive symptoms that are less severe than bipolar disorder but persistent.
• Delirium: Acute confusional state with fluctuating consciousness and attention, usually due to medical illness or intoxication and requiring urgent evaluation.
• Delusional Disorder: Persistent, non-bizarre delusions without prominent mood or psychotic symptoms beyond the delusion.
• Dementia: Progressive decline in cognitive function severe enough to impair daily life and independence, with many possible causes.
• Dependent Personality Disorder: Excessive need to be taken care of leading to submissive and clinging behaviors and fear of separation.
• Depersonalization disorder: Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from oneself or one's mental processes, often distressing but reality testing intact.
• Depression: Mood disorder marked by persistent low mood, loss of interest, feelings of hopelessness, and functional impairment; ranges from mild to severe.
• Depressive personality disorder: Enduring pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors across situations, distinct from episodic major depression.
• Derealization disorder: Persistent feeling that the external world is unreal or distorted while awareness of reality is maintained.
• Dermotillomania: Compulsive skin picking leading to tissue damage and distress, classified among body-focused repetitive behaviors.
• Desynchronosis: Temporary circadian misalignment commonly called jet lag, causing sleep disturbance and daytime impairment after rapid time zone changes.
• Developmental coordination disorder: Motor skill difficulties that interfere with daily activities and academic achievement without a medical explanation.
• Diogenes Syndrome: Severe self-neglect, social withdrawal, hoarding, and refusal of help, typically occurring in older adults.
• Disorder of written expression: Significant difficulties producing written language that impede academic or occupational performance.
• Dyspareunia: Recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with sexual activity, which can have physical or psychological causes.
• Dissocial Personality Disorder: Pattern of antisocial behavior, lack of empathy, and disregard for social norms similar to antisocial personality disorder.
• Dissociative Amnesia: Inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, beyond normal forgetfulness.
• Dissociative Fugue: Sudden, unexpected travel or wandering associated with amnesia for identity or past, often following trauma or stress.
• Dissociative Identity Disorder: Presence of two or more distinct identity states with gaps in memory, typically linked to severe trauma in childhood.
• Down syndrome: Genetic condition caused by trisomy 21, characterized by intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and variable health issues.
• Dyslexia: Specific learning disorder with persistent difficulties in reading accuracy, fluency, or comprehension despite adequate instruction.
• Dysthymia: Persistent depressive symptoms of mild to moderate severity (also known as persistent depressive disorder) lasting for years.
• Eating disorder: Eating-related pathology that causes distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria for a specific eating disorder.
• Ekbom’s Syndrome (Delusional Parasitosis): Fixed false belief of being infested with parasites despite lack of medical evidence, causing significant distress.
• Emotionally unstable personality disorder: Term overlapping with borderline personality disorder, marked by emotional instability, impulsivity, and relationship difficulties.
• Encopresis: Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places by a child beyond the expected age, often due to constipation or behavioral issues.
• Enuresis: Repeated involuntary urination (bedwetting) beyond the age when bladder control is expected, with medical and behavioral contributors.
• Erotomania: Delusional belief that another person, often of higher status, is in love with the individual despite clear evidence to the contrary.
• Exhibitionistic Disorder: Sexual arousal from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger, causing distress or legal and interpersonal problems.
• Expressive language disorder: Difficulty expressing language in spoken or written form despite normal comprehension and hearing, affecting communication.
• Factitious Disorder: Deliberate fabrication or induction of illness to assume the sick role without obvious external incentives, distinct from malingering.
• Female Sexual Disorders: Range of sexual dysfunctions in females including desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain disorders that cause distress or interpersonal difficulty.
• Fetishistic Disorder: Sexual arousal focused on non-living objects or specific non-genital body parts causing distress or impairment.
• Folie à deux: Shared psychotic disorder in which delusions are transmitted from one person to another in close relationships.
• Fregoli delusion: Belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance, a rare delusional misidentification syndrome.
• Frotteuristic Disorder: Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person, leading to distress or legal consequences.
• Fugue State: See Dissociative Fugue — sudden travel or identity confusion with amnesia for the event.
• Ganser syndrome: Rare dissociative disorder with approximate answers, altered consciousness, and sometimes hallucinations, often seen in forensic settings.
• Gambling Addiction: Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to distress or impairment in personal, social, or occupational life.
• Gender Dysphoria: Distress that may accompany a marked incongruence between experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, often prompting transition-related care.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Excessive, uncontrollable worry across multiple domains lasting months and accompanied by physical symptoms like tension and sleep disturbance.
• General adaptation syndrome: Physiological model describing stages of stress response (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) rather than a clinical disorder.
• Grandiose delusions: Fixed false beliefs of inflated worth, power, knowledge, or identity, commonly seen in mania or psychotic disorders.
• Hallucinogen Addiction: Problematic use of hallucinogens with repeated use and associated impairments, though classic hallucinogens are less commonly associated with physical dependence.
• Histrionic Personality Disorder: Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior, often theatrical and rapidly shifting emotions.
• Primary hypersomnia: Excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate sleep duration, not explained by other sleep disorders or medical conditions.
• Huntington’s Disease: Genetic neurodegenerative disorder causing movement abnormalities, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms progressing over years.
• Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: Persistently low or absent sexual desire causing distress or interpersonal difficulty.
• Hypochondriasis: Excessive worry about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance, now often conceptualized within illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom frameworks.
• Hypomania: Milder form of mania characterized by elevated or irritable mood and increased energy without severe functional impairment or psychosis.
• Hyperkinetic syndrome: Term often used for disorders with excessive movement or activity, such as ADHD, especially in some international classifications.
• Hypersomnia: Excessive sleepiness or prolonged sleep episodes that impair daytime functioning and can arise from various causes.
• Hysteria: Historical term for diverse psychological symptoms (now obsolete); many symptoms are reclassified under conversion, somatic, or dissociative disorders.
• Impulse control disorder: Group of disorders characterized by difficulty resisting impulses that may harm self or others, such as kleptomania or pyromania.
• Inhalant Addiction: Repeated inhalation of volatile substances for intoxication with potential for severe neurological and systemic toxicity.
• Insomnia: Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or nonrestorative sleep with daytime impairment, often chronic and treatable with behavioral interventions.
• Intellectual Development Disorder: Neurodevelopmental disorder defined by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior beginning in the developmental period.
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Recurrent, impulsive aggressive outbursts disproportionate to provocation, causing distress and legal or interpersonal problems.
• Joubert syndrome: Rare genetic disorder with cerebellar malformation causing developmental delay, abnormal breathing, and motor coordination problems.
• Kleptomania: Impulse control disorder characterized by recurrent failure to resist stealing items not needed for personal use or monetary value.
• Korsakoff’s syndrome: Memory disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, often after chronic alcohol use, with severe anterograde amnesia and confabulation.
• Lacunar amnesia: Memory loss for a specific event or period, often due to focal brain injury or psychological trauma.
• Language Disorder: Persistent difficulties in acquiring and using language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension or production.
• Learning Disorders: Neurodevelopmental disorders affecting academic skills such as reading, writing, or mathematics despite typical intelligence and instruction.
• Major depressive disorder: Episodes of severe depression with pervasive low mood, anhedonia, and functional impairment lasting at least two weeks.
• Male Sexual Disorders: Range of sexual dysfunctions in males including desire, erectile, orgasmic, and pain disorders that cause distress or interpersonal issues.
• Malingering: Intentional production of false or exaggerated symptoms motivated by external incentives, not a psychiatric illness per se.
• Melancholia: Subtype of depression with profound anhedonia, psychomotor changes, and biological symptoms; used historically and sometimes diagnostically.
• Misophonia: Strong negative emotional responses to specific sounds (e.g., chewing) that cause distress and avoidance behaviors.
• Morbid jealousy: Pathological jealousy involving unfounded suspicions of a partner’s infidelity, often leading to distress and controlling behaviors.
• Multiple Personality Disorder: Older term for Dissociative Identity Disorder, involving distinct identity states and memory gaps.
• Munchausen Syndrome: Severe factitious disorder in which individuals repeatedly feign or induce illness to assume the sick role.
• Munchausen by Proxy: Caregiver-induced illness in another (usually a child) to gain attention or sympathy, a form of abuse requiring intervention.
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy that impairs relationships and functioning.
• Narcolepsy: Sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy in many cases, and disturbed nighttime sleep.
• Neglect of child: Form of child maltreatment involving failure to provide basic needs, supervision, or emotional support with serious developmental consequences.
• Neurocognitive Disorder: Broad category (including mild and major) denoting acquired cognitive decline from a previous level of functioning due to medical conditions.
• Neuroleptic-related disorder: Movement or other adverse effects resulting from antipsychotic medications, such as tardive dyskinesia or acute dystonia.
• Nightmare Disorder: Recurrent, disturbing dreams causing distress or sleep disruption, with retained alertness on awakening and memory of the dream.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Recurrent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to relieve anxiety.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency.
• Oneirophrenia: Rare condition involving dreamlike confusion and altered perception, historically used to describe psychosis with dreamlike features.
• Onychophagia: Chronic nail-biting classified among body-focused repetitive behaviors that can cause tissue damage and infections.
• Opioid Addiction: Compulsive use of opioids with tolerance, withdrawal, and high risk of overdose and functional impairment.
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior toward authority figures in children and adolescents.
• Pain disorder: Pain that is predominantly linked to psychological factors and causes significant distress or impairment beyond medical findings.
• Panic Disorder: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with persistent fear of further attacks and behavioral changes to avoid them.
• Paranoid Personality Disorder: Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others leading to misinterpretation of motives as malevolent.
• Parkinson’s Disease: Neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement with bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and often neuropsychiatric symptoms.
• Pathological gambling: Compulsive gambling behavior with loss of control, financial harm, and negative life consequences; now termed gambling disorder.
• Pedophilic Disorder: Sexual attraction to prepubescent children that causes distress or involves acting on urges, and is subject to legal and ethical interventions.
• Perfectionism: Persistent striving for flawlessness with overly critical self-evaluations that can contribute to anxiety, depression, and impaired functioning.
• Persecutory delusion: Fixed false belief that one is being targeted, harmed, or conspired against, commonly seen in paranoid psychoses.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder: Chronic depression lasting two years or more with persistent low mood and other depressive symptoms.
• Personality disorder: Enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment.
• Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD): Older umbrella term for early-onset developmental disorders including autism spectrum conditions; largely replaced by ASD diagnoses.
• Phobic disorder: Marked, persistent fear of a specific object or situation leading to avoidance and significant distress.
• Phonological disorder: Speech sound disorder in which a child has difficulty producing specific sounds, affecting intelligibility.
• Physical abuse: Intentional use of physical force causing injury or harm, a form of maltreatment requiring protective interventions.
• Pica: Persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances inappropriate to developmental level and potentially dangerous.
• Polysubstance related disorder: Problematic use of multiple substances concurrently or sequentially causing significant impairment or distress.
• Postpartum Depression: Major depressive episode occurring after childbirth, with symptoms that can affect bonding and functioning and require treatment.
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Persistent re-experiencing, avoidance, negative mood/cognition changes, and hyperarousal after traumatic events lasting more than a month.
• Premature ejaculation: Persistent or recurrent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation causing distress for one or both partners.
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Severe premenstrual mood, behavioral, and physical symptoms that recur cyclically and cause impairment.
• Psychogenic amnesia: Memory loss for personal information due to psychological causes rather than organic brain injury, often linked to trauma.
• Psychoneurotic personality disorder: Historical term for personality traits with anxiety and maladaptive coping; contemporary diagnoses use specific personality and anxiety categories.
• Psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified: Psychosis that does not meet criteria for specific psychotic disorders; used when symptoms are present but diagnosis is uncertain.
• Pyromania: Impulse control disorder characterized by deliberate fire-setting for pleasure or relief of tension, with recurrent fascination with fire.
• Reactive Attachment Disorder: Disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness in young children, often due to severe neglect or inconsistent caregiving.
• Reading disorder: Specific learning disorder affecting reading accuracy, fluency, or comprehension (often termed dyslexia).
• Recurrent brief depression: Repeated depressive episodes of short duration (less than two weeks) that cause significant distress or impairment.
• Relational disorder: Problems in interpersonal relationships where dysfunction is primarily in the relationship rather than within one individual.
• REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Acting out vivid dreams due to loss of normal muscle atonia in REM sleep, sometimes preceding neurodegenerative disease.
• Restless Leg Syndrome: Urge to move the legs accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, worse at rest and in the evening, interfering with sleep.
• Retrograde amnesia: Loss of pre-existing memories prior to the onset of amnesia, often following injury or disease.
• Rumination syndrome: Repeated regurgitation of food into the mouth with re-chewing or spitting, not due to a medical condition like reflux.
• Sadistic personality disorder: Historical/descriptive term for deriving pleasure from others' suffering; not widely used in current diagnostic systems.
• Schizoaffective Disorder: Condition featuring mood disorder episodes concurrent with psychotic symptoms, plus periods of psychosis alone.
• Schizoid Personality Disorder: Pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression, preferring solitary activities.
• Schizophrenia: Chronic psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning.
• Schizophreniform disorder: Schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder lasting from one to six months, often a provisional diagnosis pending course.
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric behavior, social anxiety, and odd beliefs or perceptual experiences with interpersonal deficits.
• Seasonal Affective Disorder: Depressive episodes that recur seasonally, often in winter, linked to reduced daylight and responsive to light therapy.
• Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Addiction: Dependence on sedative or anxiolytic medications causing tolerance, withdrawal, and impairment when misused.
• Selective Mutism: Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in others, typically beginning in childhood.
• Separation Anxiety Disorder: Excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures, beyond what is developmentally appropriate.
• Sexual Disorders Female: See Female Sexual Disorders — conditions causing sexual dysfunction in females with distress or interpersonal impact.
• Sexual Disorders Male: See Male Sexual Disorders — conditions causing sexual dysfunction in males with distress or interpersonal impact.
• Sexual Addiction: Controversial term for compulsive sexual thoughts and behaviors that cause impairment or distress, sometimes conceptualized as hypersexual disorder.
• Sexual Masochism Disorder: Sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, or made to suffer causing distress or involving nonconsenting partners.
• Sexual Sadism Disorder: Sexual arousal from inflicting physical or psychological suffering on another that causes distress or involves nonconsent.
• Shared Psychotic Disorder: See Folie à deux — a delusion transmitted from a primary psychotic individual to another close person.
• Sleep Arousal Disorders: Parasomnias during non-REM sleep such as sleepwalking or sleep terrors that cause impairment or safety risks.
• Sleep Paralysis: Temporary inability to move or speak when falling asleep or upon waking, often accompanied by frightening hallucinations.
• Sleep Terror Disorder: Recurrent abrupt awakenings from sleep with intense fear, autonomic arousal, and poor recall of content, mainly in children.
• Social Anxiety Disorder: Intense fear of social situations involving scrutiny that leads to avoidance and significant distress or impairment.
• Somatization Disorder: Multiple, recurrent somatic complaints across organ systems that cause distress and functional impairment, often with high healthcare use.
• Specific Phobias: Excessive, persistent fears of specific objects or situations (e.g., animals, heights) that provoke avoidance and distress.
• Stendhal syndrome: Psychosomatic condition of rapid heartbeat, fainting, or confusion when exposed to overwhelming art or beauty, reported anecdotally.
• Stereotypic movement disorder: Repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., rocking, hand flapping) causing impairment or injury, beginning in childhood.
• Stimulant Addiction: Dependence on stimulants (e.g., amphetamines, methamphetamine) with cravings, tolerance, and functional deterioration.
• Substance related disorder: Broad category encompassing problematic use, intoxication, withdrawal, and addiction to various substances.
• Tardive dyskinesia: Involuntary repetitive movements, often of the face and tongue, resulting from long-term antipsychotic use.
• Tobacco Addiction: Nicotine dependence characterized by cravings, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and difficulty quitting despite health risks.
• Tourette’s Syndrome: Neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic persisting for more than a year, often beginning in childhood.
• Transient tic disorder: Presence of motor and/or vocal tics lasting less than one year, typically benign and self-limited in children.
• Transient global amnesia: Sudden, temporary episode of memory loss for recent events and inability to form new memories that usually resolves within 24 hours.
• Trichotillomania: Recurrent hair pulling resulting in hair loss, distress, and functional impairment classified among body-focused repetitive behaviors.
• Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder: Somatic complaints causing distress and impairment for which no adequate medical explanation is found, not meeting other somatoform categories.
• Vaginismus: Involuntary pelvic muscle spasm interfering with vaginal penetration and causing pain and avoidance of intercourse.
• Voyeuristic Disorder: Sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked or engaging in sexual activity, causing distress or involving nonconsent.